WebAlchemical philosophers summed up their work in a simple phrase, Solve et coagula (dissolve and coagulate) — the continual cycling between fixed and volatile forms of matter. ... The retort is one of the earliest pieces of chemical apparatus, used for distillation. The substance to be distilled is placed inside the rounded body of the vessel ... WebOct 9, 2012 · Distillation is a process used to separate mixtures and purify liquids that was used by alchemists and natural philosophers to experiment in hopes of making gold, the Elixir of Life, and a range of medical cures.

Al-Kimiya: Notes on Arabic Alchemy Science History …

Distillation includes the following applications: The distillation of fermented products produces distilled beverages with a high alcohol content, or separates other fermentation products of commercial value. Distillation is an effective and traditional method of desalination. See more Distillation, or classical distillation, is the process of separating the components or substances from a liquid mixture by using selective boiling and condensation, usually inside an apparatus known as a still. Dry distillation is … See more The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the pressure around the liquid, enabling bubbles to form without being crushed. A … See more Interactions between the components of the solution create properties unique to the solution, as most processes entail non-ideal mixtures, where Raoult's law does not hold. Such interactions can result in a constant-boiling azeotrope which behaves as if it were a pure … See more Early evidence of distillation was found on Akkadian tablets dated c. 1200 BCE describing perfumery operations. The tablets provided textual evidence that an early, primitive form of distillation was known to the Babylonians of ancient Mesopotamia. … See more The application of distillation can roughly be divided into four groups: laboratory scale, industrial distillation, distillation of herbs for perfumery … See more Laboratory scale distillations are almost exclusively run as batch distillations. The device used in distillation, sometimes referred to as a still, consists at a minimum of a reboiler or pot … See more Large scale industrial distillation applications include both batch and continuous fractional, vacuum, azeotropic, extractive, and steam distillation. The most widely used … See more WebAlchemy. 220 items. This digital collection features selected manuscripts, rare books, paintings, and ephemera relating to alchemical topics and experimentation. Materials in this collection include depictions of alchemists’ workshops and pursuits on philosophy, magic, medicine, spiritual wisdom, and the transformation of matter. format châssis

Alchemy - The chemistry of alchemy Britannica

WebApr 24, 2024 · Moreover, Arabic alchemists perfected the process of distillation, equipping their distilling apparatuses with thermometers in order to better regulate the heating during alchemical operations. Finally, the discovery of the solvent later known as aqua regia—a mixture of nitric and muriatic acids—is reported to be one of their most important ... WebDistillation In distillation, the solution is then boiled and condensed in order to purify the substance. To prepare for the final stage, we need to purify the spirit to make sure that it is free from any destructive forms of … WebOct 15, 2007 · This interpretive strategy dignified the origins of alchemy and attributed alchemical books pseudepigraphically to authorities of the past, providing a safe mechanism for spreading alchemical knowledge, which could otherwise be persecuted for its proximity to magic. format chart color based on value excel